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Monel 400 Melting Point - Solidus, Liquidus & Service Ceiling
The Monel 400 melting point (also Monel 400 melting temperature, UNS N04400 melting range, Alloy 400 melt range, Werkstoff 2.4360 melting point) is a 50-degree band: solidus 1300 °C (2372 °F) and liquidus 1350 °C (2462 °F). The band reflects the nickel-copper solid-solution behaviour of UNS N04400 across ASTM B127, B164, B165, B564 and F468. Hot-working runs 871 to 1177 °C; air service is capped near 480 °C before intergranular oxidation accelerates. Monel® is a registered trademark of Special Metals Corporation; TorqBolt is not authorized by, affiliated with or endorsed by Special Metals.
Solidus and Liquidus Temperatures
Monel 400 freezes across a 50 °C window. The solidus is the temperature at which the last liquid disappears on cooling; the liquidus is the temperature at which the first solid appears. Values are independent of product form because the chemical composition is identical across ASTM B127, B164, B165, B564 and F468.
| Parameter | Celsius | Fahrenheit | Source |
|---|---|---|---|
| Solidus | 1300 °C | 2372 °F | ASTM B564 / mill data |
| Liquidus | 1350 °C | 2462 °F | ASTM B564 / mill data |
| Melting range | 1300 - 1350 °C | 2372 - 2462 °F | UNS N04400 reference |
| Specific heat at 21 °C | 427 J/kg.K | 0.102 BTU/lb.°F | Mill data |
| Thermal expansion 20-100 °C | 13.9 µm/m.K | 7.7 µin/in.°F | Mill data |
Hot-Working Temperature Window
The hot-working window sits well below the solidus to keep grains intact. Forge and hot-roll between 871 and 1177 °C (1600 to 2150 °F). Start at the upper end and finish above 871 °C to avoid the warm-working embrittlement band near 760 °C, where sulphur and residual lead can cause hot-short cracking. Forging for ASTM B564 flanges uses a 1150 to 1175 °C soak, with reheat below 900 °C. Solution anneal is 870 to 980 °C followed by water quench or air cool, per heat-treatment practice. Monel 400 is not age-hardenable; the sister grade Monel K-500 adds aluminium and titanium for gamma-prime precipitation.
Maximum Service Temperature
The continuous service ceiling in oxidising atmosphere is roughly 480 °C (900 °F). Above this, intergranular oxidation accelerates and ASME B31.3 allowable stresses fall steeply. ASME BPVC Section II Part D publishes allowables to 482 °C. In reducing or inert atmospheres the ceiling extends; short-term 600 °C exposure is acceptable in vacuum or argon. For service above 480 °C in air, design selection moves to Inconel 600 (N06600). For HF service the selection stays on Monel 400 because no chromium oxide film is involved (see HF acid resistance and HF alkylation).
Monel 400 Melting Point vs Other Alloys
The 1300 to 1350 °C range sits between pure copper (1083 °C) and pure nickel (1453 °C), reflecting the 31 percent Cu plus 66 percent Ni composition.
| Alloy / Metal | UNS | Solidus °C | Liquidus °C | Liquidus °F |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Pure copper | C10100 | 1083 | 1083 | 1981 |
| Pure nickel | N02200 | 1453 | 1453 | 2647 |
| Monel 400 | N04400 | 1300 | 1350 | 2462 |
| Stainless SS 316L | S31603 | 1375 | 1400 | 2552 |
| Inconel 600 | N06600 | 1354 | 1413 | 2575 |
Frequently Asked Questions
What is the melting point of Monel 400? A 50-degree range: solidus 1300 °C (2372 °F) and liquidus 1350 °C (2462 °F). Identical across ASTM B127, B164, B165, B564 and F468 forms.
Can Monel 400 be used at high temperature? Continuous air service is capped at 480 °C (900 °F). In reducing or inert atmospheres the ceiling extends higher; for service above 480 °C in air, specify Inconel 600 (N06600).
What is the hot-working temperature for Monel 400? Forge and hot-roll 871 to 1177 °C (1600 to 2150 °F). Solution anneal 870 to 980 °C with water quench or air cool. Avoid the 760 °C band where hot-short cracking can occur.
Request a Quote and Related Pages
For Monel 400 (UNS N04400) bar, plate, pipe, forging or fastener stock against any ASTM B127, B164, B165, B564 or F468 brief with heat-numbered EN 10204 type 3.1 or 3.2 MTC, contact info@torqbolt.com or WhatsApp +91-22-66157017. Ex-Mumbai pricing plus heat-numbered MTC inside one working day. Domestic India 3 to 7 working days; export through JNPT.
Properties: chemical composition, mechanical properties, density, heat treatment, welding, machinability, corrosion resistance. Standards: ASTM B164, ASTM B127, ASTM B165, ASTM B564, ASTM F468, UNS N04400, DIN 17743. Comparison: vs Monel K-500, vs stainless steel, nickel-copper alloy family. Product forms: Monel 400 reference, forging, plate, round bar, bolts.
References: ASTM B127 Plate; ASTM B164 Rod / Bar; ASTM B165 Pipe / Tube; ASTM B564 Forgings; ASTM F468 Bolts; ASME BPVC Section II Part D; ASME B31.3; DIN 17743 NiCu30Fe (Werkstoff 2.4360).
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